小学英语一年级教学资料：自然拼读法基本规则
作者：王虹 www.yuediqu.com 2025-05-22
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【 #一年级英语教学# 导语】心理学研究表明，语言自我是外语学习者在母语习得过程中逐渐形成的一种心理障碍，语言自我是否具有灵活性是学好外语的一个重要因素。小学生对母语的正规学习处于起步阶段，母语具有的保护性心理尚未完全建立起来，语言自我灵活性高，接受和学习性语言能力强，此时学习新的语言，语言信息就容易摄入。从更加有利于孩子语言形成的角度来看，小学生正处于学习语言的黄金时期。以下是 无 整理的相关资料，希望对您有所帮助。
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds)
- 五元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)，每个发长音（其字母音）和短音
- y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
- 如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音，且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音
- 如：Sam, cat, mat 等
3. 双元音单词拼读 (Two Vowel Words)
- 一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音），后边一个元音不发音
- 如：make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute 等
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
- 开头辅音 blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
- 结尾辅音 blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
- 单词结尾的 ll, ss, ff
- 辅音组合(ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1) - 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
- 某些字母组合作为整体音节发音，需记住它们所发的音
- ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
- al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
- ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight)
- ed:
- says /ed/: patted, landed, lifted
- says /t/: walked, hopped, stopped
- says /d/: cried, played, chewed
- er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
- ie (field), ing (king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire
- oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,
- oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
- ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow；读音二：bow, low, blow, snow),
- ou (shout, out, loud)
- ould (ould, would), ough (五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
- ought, ous (famous, nervous),
- ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
- tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),
- 结尾声音：ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2) - 单词末尾的元音 (Vowel at the end)
- 如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音，而且元音在末尾，这个元音一般发长音（其字母音）
- 如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor, hibernate 等
- y在末尾 (作为元音处理）：
- 单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发"I"(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as "I")): my, why, fly, sky
- 多音节词, y发"E" 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as "E")): daddy, mommy, baby, honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word)
- 它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背
- is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field 等
8. 特殊读法(4) - 辅音的特殊读法
- 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)
- Silent b: comb, lamb
- Silent h: ghost
- Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…
- Silent w: write, wrist, wreck…
- "c" 和 "k" 在一起时，发一个音: quick, black 等
- "q" 总是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt 等
- "p"和 "h"在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo
9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
- 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound
- 复合词: homework, highway,
相关问答：
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds)
- 五元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)，每个发长音（其字母音）和短音
- y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
- 如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音，且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音
- 如：Sam, cat, mat 等
3. 双元音单词拼读 (Two Vowel Words)
- 一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音），后边一个元音不发音
- 如：make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute 等
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
- 开头辅音 blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
- 结尾辅音 blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
- 单词结尾的 ll, ss, ff
- 辅音组合(ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1) - 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
- 某些字母组合作为整体音节发音，需记住它们所发的音
- ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
- al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
- ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight)
- ed:
- says /ed/: patted, landed, lifted
- says /t/: walked, hopped, stopped
- says /d/: cried, played, chewed
- er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
- ie (field), ing (king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire
- oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,
- oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
- ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow；读音二：bow, low, blow, snow),
- ou (shout, out, loud)
- ould (ould, would), ough (五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
- ought, ous (famous, nervous),
- ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
- tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),
- 结尾声音：ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2) - 单词末尾的元音 (Vowel at the end)
- 如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音，而且元音在末尾，这个元音一般发长音（其字母音）
- 如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor, hibernate 等
- y在末尾 (作为元音处理）：
- 单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发"I"(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as "I")): my, why, fly, sky
- 多音节词, y发"E" 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as "E")): daddy, mommy, baby, honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word)
- 它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背
- is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field 等
8. 特殊读法(4) - 辅音的特殊读法
- 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)
- Silent b: comb, lamb
- Silent h: ghost
- Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…
- Silent w: write, wrist, wreck…
- "c" 和 "k" 在一起时，发一个音: quick, black 等
- "q" 总是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt 等
- "p"和 "h"在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo
9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
- 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound
- 复合词: homework, highway,
相关问答：
